Calculating-machine



A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mm saw. 15. ms.

1,394,64I. Patented Oct- 25, 1921.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION flLED SEPT. 15. ms.

1,394,641. Patented Oct 25, 1921.

10 shins-shin 2.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15. 1916. 1,394,641. I Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT I5 1916 Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15. I916.

1,394,641. Patentbd Oct. 25, 1921 I0 SHEIITSSHEET 5.

IWI IN I'I I'I A. F. POOLE.

CALCULAIING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mm Si". 15. 1916.

1,394,641. Patented Oct 25, 1921.

10 SHHITS-SHEET 6.

#9 1 175 ..j F'il I I l 53 I 62 i 106 Z I 72 l /06 l 53 I 75 A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACIHNE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15. lane.

Patented 001 25, 1921.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

1,394,641. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15, I915. 25,

I0 SHEETS-SHEEI 8.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

uwucmou man SEPT. 15. I916.

Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

I0 SHIETS--SKEEI 9.

A. F. POOLE.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 15. 191i- 1,394,641. Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

I0 SHEETS-SNEEI ID.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR F. POOLE, OF KENILWORTH, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO REMINGTON ACCOUNTING IMACHIJIE CORPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A

CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

CALCULATING-MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 25, 1921.

Application filed September 15, 1916. vSerial No. 120,233.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR F. Poona, of Kenilworth, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calculating-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement in calculating machines, particularly in the type of machine first described in the patent to Richmond, Number 503,986 and later in the patent to Hanson, Number 905,421,-and still later and more in detail in the patent to Hart, Number 1,176,364.

The object of my invention is to improve the operations of the above mentioned machines in several particulars, especially in the provision of an algebraic totalizer to such machines and in providing them with improved means for performing subtraction.

All of the above mentioned machines have carrying mechanisms which operate in the addition direction only. There is on the market a machine of the Hanson type under the name of the Underwood machine which is equipped with a device for subtraction. This device works on the general principles of the cited patent to Richmond, that is, when it is desired to subtract, the connections between the numeral keys and the actuating mechanism are changed so that the 1 key determines that the numeral wheel shall be rotated eight spaces and the 2 key that said wheel shall be rotated seven spaces and so on. Accordingly when a number is set up on the numeral keys, the complement of the number set up will be entered into the totalizer, said complement being obtained by subtracting each digit of the number to be subtracted from nine. It is well known that the complement obtained in this manner is one unit short of the true arithmetical complement. Therefore, after the complement has been inserted an additional unit is added in the units place of the totalizer, thus making the number first added the true arithmetical complement of the number to be subtracted. After these operations the totalizer will then exhibit the dillcrcnce between the number in it originally and the number whose complement has been added.

Throughout the following Slltffllll'iililfin l shall have occasion to speak of both the nunr ber which is obtained by sublrarling each digit of said number from nine and the number which is obtained by subtracting the last significant digit of said number from ten and the remaining digits from nine. I shall speak of the former as the complement and the latter as the true arithmetical complement."

Before entering into a description of the mechanism necessary to carry out my invention it will be first advantageous to give a short description of its theory of operation and subsequently describe the structure required to reduce this theory to practice. The theory being in mind, one will then more readily understand the operation of my invention.

All the algebraic totalizers of the prior art, having but a single carrying mechanism. have the following characteristics:

First, a reversible actuating mechanism: Second, a reversible carrying mechanism; and

Third, some means to add a unit into the lowest numeral wheel whenever the totalizcr passes through zero.

It is true that the first two of these elements are not immediately perceptible in the Burroughs type of totalizer. an exam ple of which is that disclosed in the patent to Rinsche, Number 1,172,484. However, the two sets of totalizer wheels 916* and 916 present in the Rinsche structure serve to transform a one-way actuating mechanism into a reversible actuating mechanism, and similarly to transform a one-way carrying mechanism into a reversible carrying mechanism. The two sets of totalizer wheels of the Rinsche structure, therefore, may be considered as the mechanical equivalent of a reversible carrying mechanism and a reversible actuating mechanism.

As before noted. there are some tvpes of adding machines (6. 9. Richmond. Underwood) having a one-way carryinp mechanism in which subtraction is accomplished by setting up the complement of the subtrahcnd and adding this complement into the total izcr. Then either during said addition or subsequently thereto adding an additional unit in the lowest place of the totalizer, and t is with this type of machine that my present invention is concerned.

To carry out my invention it is necessary to provide the numeral wheels with two sets shutter and highest wheel must be sue of numbers paired in the relation of 9 0, as usual in al ebraic totaliacrs and to pro vide a shiftahle shutter, the position of which is determined by the position of the highest wheel of the totalizer; that is, if the highest wheel of said totalizer stands at positive 9, this determines that the shutter will be placed to show the negative set of numbers. If said highest wheel should stand at positive 0, the shutter will show a positive set of numbers. It is to be noted, however, that the mechanism connectin said that the highest w eel is free to turn either an entire revolution or a number of revolutions without interference from the shutter. This requirement follows from the fact that in the Hanson machine the motion of the highest wheel is always in one direction. It is, therefore, necessary that said highest wheel be free to make a complete revolution or a plurality of complete revolutions without interference from the shutter. The mechanism which I use for my shutter connection consists of a cam placed on said highest wheel and a shutter having a spring tending to hold it against the surface of said cam. The hi h place of said cam coincides with the exhi ition of the positive 9 at the reading line and serves to shift said shutter into its negative position. The number wheel may then be turned through complete revolutions without interference from the shutter which, however, will be shifted to exhibit the negative set of numbers whenever the highest numeral wheel exhibits a positive 9 at the reading line.

The actuating mechanism of the cited Underwood machine will be changed in the following particulars.

Instead of adding one in the units place of the totalizer every time the machine is operated to subtract a number this extra one is added only when the highest wheel of the totalizer passes from 9 to 0. It must be borne in mind that the highest wheel of the totalizer can be rotated in one direction only. For instance, if it is standing at 0 and the number inserted makes it stand at 9, the wheel will have to be rotated through nine spaces in the positive direction. Again, if said wheel stands at 9 and after a number is inserted stands at 0, it will be rotated but one step in a. positive direction. In my herein described invention the mechanism for adding the extra one in the units place of the totalizer is operated only when the highest wheel of the totalizer has been turned through the carrying point; that is, from the 9 position to the 0 position. If the highest wheel stands at 9, and after a subtracting operation has been turned ten spaces so as to again stand at 9, a one will be added in the units place. If said wheel stands at 9 and is advanced one step to 9, a unit will be inserted in the units place of the totalizcr as a result of this operation. However, if said wheel stands at U and is turned nine steps so as to stand at 9, the extra unit will not be inserted, since said highest wheel has not passed through its carrying point as a result of the last mentioned operation.

Analysis will show that this plan of adding an extra one in the units place only when the highest wheel has carried will take care of all possible additions and subtractions of numbers on the Underwood machine if said machine is provided with two complementary sets of numbers and a Shiftable shutter as above described.

For example, if the totalizer stood at positive 1, and two were subtracted therefrom (assuming a 3-wheel totalizer) there would be added into the totalizer 997 this being the complement of 2. Under these circumstances the highest wheel would not carry since it would be rotated from the 0 step to the 9 step. The totalizer would then read 998 on the positive numbers vand 001 on the negative numbers. Inasmuch as the highest wheel of the totalizer would stand at positive 9, the shutter would be shifted to a. position to exhibit the negative set of numbers, and 001 would be exhibited on the reading line. This is the correct answer to 1. minus 2.

To take another example, assume the totalizer stands at positive 010 and that twenty is subtracted therefrom. There would be added into the totalizer 979, the complement of 20, with the result that the numeral wheels would show 989 positive and 010 negative. In this case, the highest wheel of the totalizer would not carry since it would be thrown nine steps from O to 9, but the shutter would be shifted, and the totalizer would show negative 010, the correct answer. \Vith the totalizer showing this reading, assume that thirty be added thereto. The wheels will then show positive 019 (989+30:Ol9), but in this case the highest wheel will have been advanced through the step from positive 9 to positive 0 and according to the rule one will be added in the units place, changing the positive 9 therein to a positive 0, which in its turn will carry one into the tens place, changing the one therein toa two, which will leave the totalizer indicating positive 20, the correct answer of minus 10 plus 30.

In all of the above cases, it is, of course, assumed that the shutter is shifted by the highest number wheel so that when this wheel stands at positive 9, the shutter exhibits the negative digits, which may be red, and when said highest wheel stands at positive 0, the shutter exhibits positive digits, which may be colored black.

To talre another example, assume that the totalizcr stands at black 025, and 16 is sub tracted therefrom. Subtraction of the 16 will add 983 into the totalizer which will then show 908. However, the addition of the 8 to the 2 in the tens column determined a carry, and this carry will add a unit in the hundreds place. This unit added to the nine previously introduced by the actuating mechanism will again cause a curry and one will be added in the units place of the totalizer. The addition of this one will change the 8 in said units place to a 9, and no further carrying will take place. The totalizer will now show in black 009, the correct answer of 025 minus 16.

In carrying out my invention it is further necessary to provide a trip for the actuating mechanism which is controlled from the highest wheel of the totalizer. In the particular embodiment in which I have shown my invention an electric motor serves to furnish the power to operate the machine. This motor is tripped by hand after a. number has been set up. Under some circumstances arising in my hereafter described machine it is necessary that this motor, after having once been tripped by hand, he again tripped so as to go through an additional cycle. One of the objects of my invention is the means for this repeated and automatic tripping of said motor.

I have also shown herein an alternative construction in which a certain portion of the carrying mechanism always goes through two cycles, and in this particular form the repeated tripping of the motor is rendered unnecessary. I shall explain both forms of my invention hereinafter.

Having thus, in a general way, described the theory on which my invention is constructed I will now give a description of the mechanism necessary to reduce this theory to practice. This mechanism may be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section along line 11 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of some of the parts of the computing mechanism contained in the base underneath the typewriter shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of some of the parts shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a detail showing the connection between the highest wheel of the totalizer and the motor trip.

Fig. 5 is a detail showing the connection of the typewriter numeral keys with the setup which determines the extent of motion of the actuating racks.

Fig. 6 is a section along the line 6-6 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 7 is a detail end view of the trips or starting devices for the motor.

Fig. 8 is a section along the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a section along the line 9-9 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 10 is a section along the line 10-10 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the totalizer and carrying mechanism along the lines 11.-11 of Fig. 12.

Fig. 12 is a section along the line 1212 of Fig. 11.

Figs. 13 and 14 are detail views of the. totalizer number wheels and shutter.

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of some of the parts peculiar to my present invention. These parts include particularly the shutter and the auxiliary trip for the actuating motor.

Fig. 16 is a detail of certain portions of the subtraction device.

Fig. 17 is a perspective of some of the parts shown in Fig 16, and

Fig. 18 shows a modification of the carrying mechanism operator designed to dispense with the repeated action of the motor.

Fig. 19 shows another modification of the carrying mechanism designed to dispense with a repeated cycle of the motor.

Throughout these drawings similar reference numbers apply to like parts.

My invention above noted is shown applied to typewriter computing machines of the general type of a ten key computing machine, in which there are ten keys, any one of which may operate in any decimal place of the number set up by said keys and the decimal place of operation of the key is determined by a. decimal carriage, moving step by step as the keys are depressed one after another and thus determining the key set-up of the actuating mechanism in a particular decimal place. After this set-up has been made; that is. after the digits of a number have been set up by the keys then a general operator is put into action and moves a set of register bars to an extent determined by the kev set-up. In mesh with each of said register bars is a gear wheel which is connected by a slip ratchet engagement to a number wheel of a totalizer. The front stroke of the general operator moves the ratchet bars forward an extent determined by the set-up and rolls the num ber determined by said set-up into the total izer numeral wheels. On the back stroke of the general operator the ratchets connecting the numeral wheels to the gears engaged by the register bar slip backward and also on this hack stroke a carrying mechanism connecting the numeral wheels in the totalizer comes into action and performs the carrying resulting from the particular number just added into the totalizer.

The key sci-up.

Referring particularly to Fig. 1 20 is a typewriter having a set of numeral keys 9.1,

each of which is connected to a type bar which serves to print the number associated with said key on a platen 23. The platen drawn to the left by a spring (not shown) 6 and its motion is controlled by an escape merit mechanism 2Lwhich allows a type writer carriage 27, on which is mounted said platen, to escape step by step on the actua tion of the numeral keys 21.

Attached to the framework 30 are a plurality of triggers 25 which are pivoted on the framework 30 on a rod 26, these triggers being spaced apart according to the pfll'lllClL lar spacing in which it is desired to write the numbers on the machine. Attached to and moving with the typewriter carriage 27 is a decimal selector 28 which. during the travel of the carriage, contacts with the triggers 25 and elevates the left hand ends thereof one after another. A rod 29 extending under the triggers serves to hold them in a. normal position where they are adapted to be raised by the decimal selector 28 as said selector moves during the travel 25 0f the typewriter carriage. Cooperating with each of the triggers 25 is a push rod 31, the lower end of which is engaged by a rocker 32 pivoted on a. rod 33 mounted in the framework 30. There is one of these rock 30% ers for every push rod 31 and consequently for every trigger 25. Referring particularly to Fig. 6, and the top portion of Fig. 4, each of the rockers 32 serves to operate a transposing bar 34, each of said bars being supported on the ends of bell cranks 85 and 36 rotatably supported on rods 8? and 38 in the framework 30. Said bell cranks and 36 have depending lower ends which are connected by a link 39, the object being to form a species of parallelogram linkage and thus to constrain the transposing bars 34 to move in an approximately vertical direction when any of said bars is moved by motion of its associated rocker 32.

The necessity for this transposin; bar arises from the fact that due to the motion of the typewriter carriage to the left during the insertion of a number the decimal sclec tor 28 encounters right hand trigger first and this trigger controls the left hand decimal section of the actuating mechanism. It is. therefore. necessary to transpose the ac tion of the triggers 25 so as to get the digits of a number arranged in their proper order in the actuating mechanism.

Each one of the transposing bars 34- has on it 2 lug 40 which contacts with a hell crank 41 mounted on a series of rods 42 and each of said bell cranks contacts with the pin 43 in its associated register bar 44. It will he noted from Fig. 3 that each of the rockers 32 is of a shape to engage with but one of said transposing bars 31. it will be also noted from .the same figure that the ends of said rockers carrying push bars 31 are of different lengths to compensate for the \arying lengths of the front portion of said rockers 2-32, the object being to give each oi" the transposing bars 34 uniform vertical motion upon the actuation of the tri gers 25 connected to said bar 34 by the decimal selector 28.

lhe register bars 44 (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 11) are mounted in the framework so as to be able to move longitudinally. Each register bar has on its forward end a series of rack teeth 45 which engage a pinion 46 which, through a slip ratchet device, drives a totalirer number wheel 50. Mounted on the intermediate portion of each of said register oars 44 is a series of denominational pins 47 which are mounted in said register bar so as to be movable at right angles thereto. Said denominational pins are provided with snappers (not shown) so as to hold them in their alternate positions, there being one position of the denominational pins 47 which corresponds to said pin not having been actuated by the set up mechanism hereinafter to be described and a depressed position of said denominational pin 47 corresponding to said pin having been actuated. The register bars 44 are held in their normal position shown in Fig. 3 by a series of spring actuated arms 51. Said arms are mounted in a series of annular grooves cut in a bar 52 mounted in the framework, and springs 53 serve to hold the lower ends of said arms 51 in contact with recesses 54 in the register bars 4 t, thereby holding said register bars in contact with a portion of the framework 30 and thus defining a normal position for said bars and the chain of levers connecting on; bar to its trigger 25. Extendingover t e entire series of denominational pins 47 is a set of unit bars 55. Each of said bars is connected by mechanism hereinafter to be described to one of the typewriter numeral hers and is adapted to be depressed when said numeral key is operated. Reference to Fig: 5. will show that the normal position of hidenominational pins 47 is intermediate between the two adjacent unit bars 55; therefore. in case any of said bars 55 is depres ed when the register bar is in its normal position the associated denominational pins will not be actuated. Progress of the typewriter carriage and contact of the decimal selector 28 with a trigger 25 will result in shifting one of the bars 4-1 to a position where the denominational pins 47 will be under the unit bars 55. Since the decimal selector 28 contacts with but one trigger 25 at any position of the typewriter carriage, it is obvious that but one of the register bars will be displaced at a time, and as the typewriter carriage progresses toward the left that the register bars beginning at the one on the extreme left. the highest denominational place, will be successively brought Having. now described the means by which the register bars 44 are successively brought into position to have their denominational pins 47 actuated by the unit bars 55, I will now describe the mechanism connecting said unit bars with the typewriter numeral keys .21. Attached to the lower portion of each one of said numeral keys 21 is a depending .link 56, a portion of which is adapted to cooperate with a single key mechanism (not shown), the object of said mechanism being to prevent the depression of more than one ;of said numeral keys 21 at a time. The depending links 56 are guided in the framework so asto have an approximately vertical motion and their lower ends are adapted to contact with and actuate a series of rocker arms 57, each of which is attached to a rock shaft 58 rotatably mounted on the frame- .work 30 of the machine. The rock shafts 58 have also a longitudinal movement in respect to the framework 30, this movement being for the purpose of throwing the machine into subtraction in a manner hereinafter to be described; Mounted on each of the rock shafts 58 are two arms 59 and 60, which are adapted to engage pins 61 and 62 mounted in a series of tie bars 63, each of which is mounted on bell cranks 64 and 65 rotatably mounted on rods 66 and 67 in the framework 30. On the horizontal arm of said bell cranks is pivoted the unit bar 55. From the chain of mechanism thus described it will be seen that a depression of the typewriter numeral keys will result in a depression of one of the unit bars 55. All the unit bars are held elevated in a normal position by a series of springs 68 extending between the tie bars 63 and the framework 30. Reference to Fig. 2 will show the fifth rock shaft 58 is provided with but one arm 59, since said arm is adapted to engage either a pin in the fifth tie bar or a pin in the fourth tie bar, the complement of five being four. Similarly the ninth rock shaft 58 has but one arm 59, since said arm is adapted to engage either the pin of the ninth tie bar or engage no pin at all, the complement of nine being zero.

From what has one before it is apparent that any number w iich is set up by the typewriter numeral keys 21 and written on the platen will be reproduced in a displacement of the denominational pins -17, leaving these pins in a depressed position ready to be picked up by the general operator when the same shall be brought into operation.

T he general operator.

The function of the parts of the machine described under the general heading of the general operator is at the proper time to enter the number set up on the register bars 44 into the totalizer, and subsequent to said entry to actuate the carrying mechanism of the totalizer and return the bars and denominational pins to their normal position. In my improved machine I have shown the motive power or prime mover of the general operator to be an electric motor normally at rest. After the number has been set up the circuit of the motor is-closed by means hereinafter to be described, and certain mechanisms are brought into operation and are moved through a com lete cycle by the rotation of the motor. pon the completion of a cycle the motor is disconnected and allowed to come to rest by its own friction and simultaneously with the disconnection of the motor, its circuit is broken so as to cut 06' its electric power. Under certain circumstances hereinafter to be described it is necessary that the general operator 0 through two cycles. Accordingly mec anism is shown for automatically tripping the motor a second time under thesecircumstances.

I shall first describe the mechanism by which the motor is thrown into action and drives the general operator. Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 3, 7 8, 9 and 10, electric motor 70 is secured to the framework which serves to support the machine. This motor is preferably a series motor so that it will have a strong field and pick up its speed very rapidly. In other words, it is desirable that this motor have a large starting torque. The current is taken from the main 72 by a conductor 73 which is connected to a contact spring 74 grounded on the frame of the machine. Current from the other main 71 is brought through the field of the motor 75 to the motor armature and thence to a contact spring 76 insulated from the framework of the machine. It is to be noted that all the windings of the motor and the brushes thereof are insulated from the machine frame, and it is further to be noted that in case it is desired to keep all current out of the machine itself the contact spring 74 may also be insulated from the framework. Closing of the contact springs 74 and 76 will, therefore, give current to the motor 76 and the motor will start to rotate. The shaft 77 of the motor has mounted on it a disk 78 in which is a slot and in this slot is a pin 79 on the end of a crank arm 80 which is on a worm shaft 81 rotatably mounted in the framework and carrying a worm 82. Connection of the pin 79 and the slot of the disk 78 is for the purpose of avoiding the necessity of an exact alinemeut between the shaft 81 and the shaft 77. The worm S2 meshes into a worm wheel 83 loose on a shaft 84 which also turns in the framework. Rigid with the shaft 84 is a disk 85 on which are mounted two pawls 86 and 87 which are given a tendency to, turn about their pivots 88 and 89 by tension springs 90 and 91. The springs 90 and 91 tend to bring pawls 86 and 87 into engagement with a ratchet wheel 92 which is rigid to the worm wheel 83, and like said wheel turns loosely upon the shaft 84. The pawls 86 and 87 are prevented from coming into contact with the ratchet wheel 92 by a pair of pins 93 and 94 which are mounted on a plate 95 which also rotates on shaft 84 and the extent of said rotation relative to the disk 85 is determined by the extent of the oblong slots 96 and 97 in the disk 85. Said plate 95 is held adjacent to disk 85 by twoscrew studs 219 and 220, Fig. 3, and has projectin at right angles to its plane an car 98, an this ear is connected by a tension spring 99 to a post 100 on'the disk 85. Mounted on the plate 95 is a contact spring operating member 101 which is insulated from said plate and contacts with a bump 102 in the contact spring 74. When the parts are in the position shown in Figs. 8 and 10 it will be seen that the circuit is open. Tendency of the ear 98 to rotate in the direction in which it is urged by the spring 99 is prevented by the lower end 103 of a trip'plunger 10 1. The operation of the motor starting mechanism is as follows:

The plunger 10 1 is raised by means hereinafter to be described whenever. it is desired to have the general operator go through a cycle. The withdrawing of the end 103 of said plunger from the path of the ear 98 results in the tension spring 99 rotating the plate 95 relative to the framework, and also the disk 85 which at that time is stationary. This rotation results in, first, the engagement of the pawls 86 and 87 with the ratchet wheel 92; second, in the contact of the spring 7 1 with the spring 76, thereby closing the cir cuit through the motor and starting the same. The motor then starts to revolve, driving the worm wheel 83 and the ratchet wheel 92 rigid therewith, and since the pawls 86 and 87 are at this time in contact with said ratchet wheel the disk 85 on which said pawls are mounted is turned, and with the disk the shaft 84 on which said disk is rigidly mounted. Before the disk 85 has turned through a complete revolution the trip plunger 104 is restored to its normal position by means presently to be described; therefore, the car 98 encounters the end 103 when the parts have turned through a com plete revolution. This contact will arrest the plate 95 and also hold the contact springs 74 and 76 separated from each other, these springs having been separated when the contact spring 191 encountered the hump 102 on the spring 74. The momentum of the moving parts will continue to rotate the disk 85 until the pawls 86 and 87 by their contact with their associated pins 93 and 91 will be disengaged from the ratchet wheels 92. Since as will hereinafter be described, the tension of the spring 99 is not sufficient to rotate the disk 85 in a clockwise direction the parts will remain in the position shown in big. 8 until the next time the trip plunger 104 is actuated. It will be observed that as soon as the pawls 86 and 87 are disconnected from the ratchet wheel 92 that the motor is free to rotate, idly turning the worm gear 82 until friction brings the motor to rest. The mechanism just described results in the shaft 84 being turned through one complete revolution every time the trip plunger 104 is actuated.

I shall now describe the mechanism b which this single revolution of the shafi: 84 is transformed into a forward and back motion of a certain transverse bar 105, which serves to pick up the various register bars M and move them an amount determined by the particular denominational pin 417 which has been set up in each bar. Slidably mounted in the framework is a reciprocating pitman 106 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1) having bearing bars 107 and 108 and also having a vertical slot 109 therein. ltngaging the vertical slot 109 is a pin 110 mounted on the end of a crank 111, which is rigid with the shaft 84. This arrangement will give a well known simple harmonic motion to the pitman 106 on one revolution of the shaft 84-. The pitman will be gradually accelerated from a position of rest, then brought to a position of rest at the extreme limit of its travel, then accelerated on its return and subsequently retarded until it comes to rest in the position shown in Fig. 1; it then has made a complete forward and back reciprocation. Mounted on and traveling with the pitman 106 is an ear 112 which engages a slot 113 in a slide beam 114 which is slidably' mounted in the framework.

The front portion of the slide beam 114 has thereon a set of rack teeth 115 which engage a gear 116 rotatably mounted on the framework, said gear engaging in a gear segment 215 which is mounted on a shaft 216 turning in the framework and extending clear across the machine. On the other end of said shaft 216 is a sector similar to 215 which engages a gear similar to the gear 116 which, in its turn, engages teeth similar to the teeth 115 on a slide beam 193. I have not shown the sector and gears cooperating with the slide beam 193, since they are not only shown in'the said patent to Hart but are simply a duplication of the gears 116 and the sector 215. The object of the above mentioned gear train transverse bar 105 has its end supported in these two beams, and, therefore, moves synchronously with them. One revolution of the shaft 84, will, therefore, result in a to and fro motion of the transverse bar 105. On its forward stroke this bar will move "freely. until it encounters a denominational 10- -the unit bars 55. As this transverse bar pin 47 which hasbeen depressed by any of 105 moves forward it will continueto pick up these pins and until ithas picked up by means of these pins all of the register bars 44in which a pin has been displaced. The numbers set upon said bars will, therefore, be rolledinto'the totalizer on the forward stroke of the transverse bar 105 and on'its backward stroke the transverse bar will encounter shoulders 118 present on the register bars 44, andby means of these shoulders will return said racks approximately to their normal position.

When the transverse bar 105 starts to move the register bars 44 the arms 51 will be pushed'out of the recesses 54 and ride on the tolps of therear ends of the register bars 44. owever, when said register bars are returned by the rearward motion of the transverse bar 105 these slots will again be engaged-by the arms 51 and the register bars returned to the normal position, as

shown in Fig. 3. In this figure it will be noted that there is some littlespace between the shoulders 118, by which the register bars 44 are returned by the transverse bar 105, and said transverse bar,.this space being to allow the displacement of the register bars 44 during the setting up of the number.

I will now describe the means for operat ing the trip plunger 104 to trip the motor to move the eneral operator through a single cycle. he plunger 104 has in its upper portion a slot 173 engaging in which is the end 174 of a lever 175 pivoted on the framework at 176 and urged downward by a spring 177. A motor bar 178 is pivoted to the framework of the machine at its rear end at 179 and on the forward end of this bar is mounted :1. lug 180 which serves as a support for a handle 181 which operates the means for tripping the plunger 104. Ohviously pressure on the handle 181 will depress-the motor bar 178 and thereby depress the lever 175 and elevate the plunger 104, thus tripping the motor. The machine will then run through a single cycle.

On the return of the transverse bar 105 the totalizer carrying mechanism is'operated in the manner hereinafter to be described, and it is also necessary after said bar has nearly reached its normal position to reset all of the denominational ins 47 in order to have the actuating mecianism ready to receive the next number set up by the keys.

For this latter purpose there is a restorer plate 201 which is supported by means of depending lugs 202 and 203 on bell cranks 204 and 205 which are connected at their lower ends by a link 206. The bell cranks 204 and 205 are rotatably supported on rods 20'? and 208 which are supported in the framework. The object of the link 206 con necting the bell cranks is to give the same a parallel motion. On the side of the slide beam 114 is mounted a pawl 209 pivoted at 210 and held against a stop by a spring 211. Said pa W1 is adapted to engage an arm 212 mounted on the shaft 207. When the slide beam 114 travels forward during the setting up of a number the pawl 209 snaps under arm 212 and produces no effect on said am. On the return stroke of the beam 114 said pawl encounters the lower side of said arm and tilts it in passing. Rigid on the shaft 207 is an arm 213 which bears against the underside of the restoring plate 201; consequently when the arm 212 is tilted by the pawl 209 the restorer plate 201 is elevated and will restore all of the pins which have been set for the number just accumulated. The mechanism is then, as far as the pins are concerned, ready for a new number, and

'the plate 201 is restored to its normal position by gravity.

T he totaZz'zcr and carrying mechanism.

rod 120 supported in the framework and each hold in engagement with a gear 121 by a spring 122. The other end of said spring 122 is connected to an aliner 123, whose function will presently be described. The gears 121 are rigid with the totalizer numeral wheels 50. Each of the wheels 50 has a carrving tooth 124 which serves, by its engagement with a gear 125 mounted on a shaft 126. to displace said gear so that a tooth 127 is thrown into the path of a tooth 128 on a disk 129 rigidly mounted on a shaft 130. Subsequent to the action of the numeral wheels50 the shaft 130 is given a complete revolution, as will be hereinafter described. and during said revolution if any of the carrying pieces, comprising the gear 125 and its associated parts, has been displaced. the teeth 128 will rotate said carryinc piece the extent of 120 degrees by means of the teeth 12?. This will bring a carrying tooth 131 rigidly mounted with the gear 125 into engagement with the gear 121 on the totalizer wheel 50 of next higher order. Said wheel will, therefore, be advanced one step and the accumulated ten of the wheel of lower order will be properly transferred. There is a set of the parts shown in Fig. 2 to each decimal order of the totalizer, the various disks 129 being'placed on the shaft 130 in spiral arrangement so that the carrying done by said disks begins with the totalizer wheel of lowest order and progresses to the wheel of the highest order. In some circumstances it is necesasry to carry twice for one actuation of the totalizer wheels; that is, it is necessary to turn the shaft through two revolutions instead of one. However, this action will be described hereinafter. The carrying piece 125 is held in a normal position by'the aliner 123 engaging a star wheel 117 which is rigid both to the gear 131 and to the gear 125.

I will now describe the means by which, on the return movement of the slide beam 114 the shaft 130 is turned through a complete revolution. Connected to the rack teeth 115 is a gear 172 which is rotatably mounted on the framework and corresponds with the function of gear a" of Fig. 14 of said patent to Hart, Number 1,190,171. The gear 172 meshes with a gear (not shown) on the shaft 130, which shaft and gear corresponds to the shaft a and the gear a in the said patent to Hart. The gear on the shaft 130 is connected to said shaft by a one-way clutch similar to that described in the said patent to Hart. The function of said clutch is to suppress the forward motion of the slide beam 114 and to render the backward motion of said slide beam alone effective in rotating said shaft 130. The gear connections between the slide beam 1.14 and the shaft 130 are such that the back ward motion of said slide beam causes the shaft 130 to turn through a complete revolution and no more.

The action of this carrying mechanism is similar to that of patents to Hanson and Hart. The gear 125 is first displaced through a part of its angle by the action of the carrying tooth 124. Subsequent rotation of the shaft 130 turns it through the remainder of its angle and carries the tooth 131 through the wheel of the next higher order. It is to be noted in Figs. 13 and 14 that on the surface of the number wheels 50 are two sets of numbers paired in the relation of 9-0. The function of these num bers will be referred to hereinafter.

Means to throw the machine into subtraction.

I shall now describe the means by which this machine is thrown to operate in subtraction instead of into addition. Owing to the fact that this machine subtracts by means of complementary addition, there are quite a number of actions which are nec essary to prepare the machine to perform subtraction. It will be recalled that when the machine is thrown into complementary addition the connections of the numeral keys are changed; that is, the one key no longer operates the 1 unit bar 55 but operates the 8 unit bar 55; similarly the two key is disconnected from the 2 unit bar 55 and operates the 7 unit bar 55. The 9 key is disconnected from the 9 unit bar while the machine is in subtraction and does not operate any unit bar whatever during that time, since the complement of nine is zero. On account of this disconnecting of the 9 key it is necessary to artificially depress the 9 denominational pins of all of the register bars 44 for the purpose of inserting 9 in any denominational place which is represented by zero in the printed number. However, in case a number is set up on any register bar 44 it is necessary to get rid of the 9 set up previously made on that particular bar and replace said 9 set up by the complement of the particular digit corres onding to the operated number key.

wing to the fact that the machine may not be put into subtraction until after the typewriter carriage has been tabulated to the decimal place of the first figure it is necessary to add another function to this already complicated mechanism and this is, at the time the subtraction key is depressed to set up the nine pin not only of all register bars 44 which remain in their normal position but of any register-"bar which may have been displaced from its normal position h reason of contact of the decimal 5e lector 28 with a trigger 25.

I will first describe the mechanism which shifts the rock shafts 58. The subtraction key 132, shown in perspective in Fig. 17, is on the end of a link 133 which is connected to an arm 134 rigid to a shaft 137 and held by a spring 135 in a normal position by the contact of a pawl 136 rigid on the shaft 137 with a notch in the subtraction bar 138 which reciprocates in the framework. Pawl 136 serves to hold the subtraction bar 138 in a position against the tension of a spring 139 extending between an ear 140 on said bar and a stud 141 in the framework 30. Upon the release of the Sub traction bar 133 by motion of the pawl 136 a number of actions occur. which actions it will be most advantageous to consider separately. First, a stud 142 is withdrawn from the path of an arm 143 rigidly mounted on a shaft 144. which turns in the framework and which is urged to turn in the direction of the arrow by a coiled spring 145. Rigidly mounted on said shaft is an arm 146, against which is constrained a pin 147 set up on the number by a jaw 148 rotatably mounted on the shaft 144 and held against said pin by a tension spring 149. The pin 147 is mounted on an arm 150 secured to a universal bar 151, one end of which is pivoted in the framework at 152 and the lower edge of saidbar engages slots 153in all of the shafts 58. Obviously the position of said rock shafts is determlned by the position of the universal bar 151 and from thisit follows that when the shaft 144 is rotated that all thef rock shafts 58 will be moved toward the front of the machine. This action Will'diseiigage the set of arms 59--from theirj cooperating pins and engage the subtraction set of arms 60 with their; -pins. The relation of the numeral keys,t o the unit bars will thus be changed, and the complement of the number keys will be set up on the denominational pins47.

Having described the method by which connection of the numeral keys is shifted, '1 W111 now describe the mechaniSmWhich'fSts up the 9 denominational" ins 4Tin all the register bars. "Directly a ove said 9 Plus, when the register bars 44am in their'normal position is a bail 154 rigidly mounted 011-21 shaft 155 rotatably "mounted inithefframcworkfandha -ving rigid on the rightdnind end thereof a latch 156 which is-ur "ed by spring 157exten'din between said latch'and a stud 158 "in the i r'ar'nework-to' turn dn a clockwise direction.

said latch 156 is defined "by the 'stud'159 mounted in the framework' Whenthe subtraction 'bar'138'is'pulled toward the rear by the spring 139 adetent160, pivoted at 161 on the subtraction bar 138-'and having" an upwardly extending portion ,162 adapted to ultimately contact with a stop pin 163 fastened to the framework, will rotate said latch 156 in a counterclockwise direction and thereby depressing the bail 154 setting up the 9 denominational pins 47in all of the register bars which are at that time in their normal position. Continued motion of the subtraction bar 138 toward the rear will cause the upwardly extending portion 162 of the latch 160 to contact with the pin 163 and said latch Will be disengaged from the latch 156 which thereupon, under the influence of spring 157, will return to its normal osition. The above motion will be SUfllClGIlt to depress the 9 denominational pins of all the register bars 44 which are in their normal position. It is, however, necessary to take care of any register bar which is then displaced from its normal'iposition .by the action of the decimal selector 28.'

"The no'rmarpo's'itioh or Just back of its front end 166 this lever 164 has a part in a position to be engaged by the bail 154 in case the bar 44 has been moved forward by the denomination selecting mechanism. Obviously the 9 pin may then be depressed either by contact with the bail 154 or by contact of said bail with said portion of the lever 164. Obviously all the ,nine pins will then be displaced upon the operation of the bail 154 irrespective of whether one ofthe register bars 44 is in a displaced position.

I will now describe the mechanism by which .the 9 pin which has been depressed in anyof therjegister bars is restored to its normal position in caselany other denomina-- tional'pin 47 is set upon said bar. 'Each one of the rock shafts' 58 has on its rear end an arm 161, which arm adapted to engage a pin 168 in a tie 'bar 169 whenever said rock shafts are thrown into their subtracting position. Connected to the said 'tie bar 169 isiaun'ivers'al; bar 170 which operates in-a' m'a nner similar to the unit bars 55; that is, wheneverathe'tie bar169 is rocked by any of the arms 167 .said universal bar 170 is depressed; fIIhe lever 164 has a rearwardly "extend {directly under the universal bar 170 when the register bar is thrown forward by action "of thefdecimal selector 28. Consequently the universal bar,170 is depressed every time any'mime'ral 'k'yis operated when the machine is in subtractiomand such depression will, therefore, serve to restore the lever 164 V to its normal position and thereby restore the then displaced 9 pin to its normal position. On the under side of the subtraction bar 138 is a nose 214 which is engaged by the transverse bar 105 when said bar is at the end of its front stroke and saidbar 138 is thereby restored to its normal position and the parts operated by said bar return to their normal position also. It is to be understood that the subtraction key .132 is not held depressed during the operation of the machine.

The algebraic mechanism.

The mechanism peculiar to my algebraic totalizer isbest shown in erspectizve in Fig. 15, inspection of which Wlll disclose that the shaft 126, which it will be remembered is rotatably mounted in the framework, has rigid on its left end a carrying gear 182 which is similar to the gears 125 loosely mounted on said shaft and hereinbefore referred to. Also rigidly attached to the shaft is a carrying gear structure consisting of a three-toothed gear 217, an aliner gear 218 and a gear 183 to be actuated by the disk 129 which is the lowest one of the Series of carrying disks. The three-toothed gear 217 operates in the totalizer gear 121 attached to the wheel 50 in the units order; consesol quently when the highestwheelof the totalizer carries, an additionalunitis carriedinto the lowest denomination of the totalizer. Rigid on the shaft 126 is a three-prong spider 184 whose function isvto trip the plunger 104wheneyer the highest wheel carries. .his function is accomplished by an arm of the spider fcontacting Wit/ha lever 185 pi otedon .the framework at 186 and having a l'atch187 on the lower end' thereof er ng to maintain a pin 188 on a lever l89 in the position shown'in 1'5 Said lever 189.is pivoted on the framework at 190 and is urged liy a sprin 191 to rotatejnaploclt wise direction, and its rearend extends over the lever 17 5. saidispl'fingglg l is otsufii cient strength tolovercomethe spring 17 The 'spider 184 is sofi'e'lated' t o thehighest i w elsa ih shwh el of totalize est wheel' carries the 'arm otithe spider con;

tact's with the' leverl andgi' s pushed beyond i said: layer thereby 'tr' pplng s 'idll'ever in its 'p ip ifirihi rill cycle of the cycle: the sin;

eries 192. s vlsf i d" n ct-@121 t gslitie t v 126 is 'rgta tedf 1t .ijsjfobv ious .W l efluwah we i i l sti 11 5 i t i fs s if meie va ie y'. .t 1 tishes any; .Fle g,i l wer. dat or t tq i er, resume fro cari'yin" in the highest wheel, for. instance,

L20 0 to; 0." 'Intnis case thgeneriil 'ope after thefirstjcar can; from the units fwheel up through the thousandswheel, andin order to accomplish this extra carry-itflisjnecessary that the shaft 130Tnak ea secoiidfryolution,

The slide beam' 193, as previously described, move s lsynchronously with the slide H beam 114, and on'th's sli deheam 193,is a

hump 194 which iidapted to cont'aot with a 'i glthe i b a e on Sometimes this requ ires but one cycle of the 4 carrying mechanism, esg. case 4 in which the highest wheel of the totalizer is turned .through zero g as a result a hump 195 on thelever 18 9. and reset said lever'after the operation lot the spider 18 has caused the general operator to go through a second-kcyclc.

Mounted on the framework of'the machinevisja' shiitter 196 which is adapted to slide the distanceofnthe slots 197 and expose either oneor the other of the two sets of numbers on the number wheels 50. A spring 198 serves to hold this shutter inthe position shown in Fig. 13 andthe highest number wheel 50 has a projection -199 thereon which actson a camQOO rigidly mounted on to said shuttcr. VVhenthe highest number wheel is inthe position in whi-h the positivezero is oppositethereading line the shutter is in the position shown in Fig 13. Wheu the highest number wheel is in the position innhich the negative zero is opposite the reading line thcshutter is in the position 1 sa es shown in Fig, 14a The ten numbers on the number wheels may be colored in different colors, for instance, the positive numbers may be colored black and the negative numbers colored red; thus affording an easy method of distinguishing whether the machine denotes-a positive total or a negative one, 1

Considering the numbers exhibited by the totalizer and the numbers entered into the Classes 1, 2 and 3 arewhento a positive number in-the-machinea positivenumber is addedfa greater number issubtracted or a lesgnumber is subtracted. Glasses v4:, 5, and, .6 arethoseinwhich, withanegatiye number initially in the machine,ia number is, sub:

tracted aynumber less -thanthe totalizer readingisadded, or a numbengreaterthann the third the totalizer reading is added. column .of rthe ta ble is set forth the number ot/cycles to be gone through by the carrying mec anisrn in each of these s i x;cases.

It will be observed that every ,case s under the rule to add-a unit in the lo west order of the totalizerwhenever the highest wheel of the totalizer; passes from, nine, to; zero.

operation; Inthiscase, the latch. 185 is tripped early in the forward stroke of the operatiil bars'114and193, and lever 189 is restored iy hump 19f1 during the first cycle. Theextraone is added on the units wheel in the first art ofthe return stroke ofbars 114, 193. enever the highest wheel is turned through zero asa result of a carrying operation, the carrying mechanism has to go through two cycles e. case 3. In this case, the latch 185 is trippe in the last part of the returnstroke of bars 114 and 193, and too late in the operation for hump 194 to restore lever 189 during the first cycle of operation.

A modification of my invention which dispenses with the use of the additional trip for the plunger 104 andthe consequent second cycle of the general operator is shown in Fig 18. In this figure the gear connection between the slide beam 114 and the-rock shaft 130 is such thattsaid shaft makes two revolutions in the backward motion of said slide beam 114 instead of one revolution. This will take care of the carrying in;all

of an actuating 

